| REVIEW ARTICLE |
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| Year : 2012 | Volume
: 3
| Issue : 1 | Page : 5-9 |
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Effect of menopause on women's periodontium
Amit Bhardwaj1, Shalu Verma Bhardwaj2
1 Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, SGT Dental College, Gurgaon, Haryana, India
2 Private Dental Practitioner, Gurgaon, India
Correspondence Address:
Amit Bhardwaj
House no. 1010, Sector-4, Gurgaon, Haryana 122 001
India
DOI: 10.4103/0976-7800.98810
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Steroid sex hormones have a significant effect on different organ systems. As far as gingiva is concerned, they can influence the cellular proliferation, differentiation and growth of keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Estrogen is mainly responsible for alterations in blood vessels and progesterone stimulates the production of inflammatory mediators. In addition, some micro-organisms found in the human mouth synthesize enzymes needed for steroid synthesis and catabolism. In women, during puberty, ovulation, pregnancy, and menopause, there is an increase in the production of sex steroid hormones which results in increased gingival inflammation, characterized by gingival enlargement, increased gingival bleeding, and cervicular fluid flow and microbial changes. |
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